SAFETY PILOT

Need a Safety Pilot to stay current or to help with training?  Below is a list of people who have volunteered to be Safety Pilot's. E-mail them or give them a call.  They will be happy to schedule time to fly with you.

If you would like to add your name to  the list click here , type Name, e-mail address,  phone number and ratings then press send.  One big advantage for the Safety Pilot is that he can log his time as Pilot-in-Command also since both pilots are required for the flight. See Aviation Safety Article below for details.

Florida, Big Bend Area

PILOTS NAME E-MAIL ADDRESS    PHONE NUMBER                RATING          
Jim Fessler jim@security4it.com 850-201-4767 S&MEL, Com, Instrument Airplane
Aramis Penton aramis.p@earthlink.net 850-509-1304 S&MEL, Com, Instrument Airplane
Bill Humbert humbert.bill@mail.oppaga.state.fl.us 850-893-3072 S&MEL, Com, Inst.(helicopter and airplane)
John Walthall walthaj@doacs.state.fl.us 850-487-3344-W S.E.L., Com,  Instrument Airplane

Orlando, Fl.

Alberto Barriales albertobarriales@hotmail.com 857-389-0685 (FAA) ASEL, IR
(JAA) ASEL, AMEL, IR, CPL

 
New Jersey, Ft. Lee

Konstantin Sannikov       KSANNIKOV@AOL.COM  718-909-1312   201-346-9086          COMMERCIAL- ASEL/AMEL,INSTRUMENT
      

New York, Farmingdale- Long Island

Lou  Block                                          TRI9720@aol.com       718 -657- 2414    HOME #  718- 423- 8425              OWN PIPER ARROW PA28R BASED AT REPUBLIC APT. 
      

Wisconsin, East Troy

Michael Flynn mtflynn@midwest-express.com 262-492-9618          S&MEL,COM instrument                
      

I addition to these volunteers all members of the Big Bend Aviation Safety Council now offer their services as safety pilot.  Click here to go to the Big Bend Aviation Safety Council listing.

 

Aviation Safety Article

        LOGGING PILOT-IN-COMMAND TIME

                by Al German

Proper logging of PIC time is a favorite subject of CFI’s sitting around these rainy days. And that’s not unusual since in the FAA’s own words in the Federal Register "The FAA acknowledges there has been confusion in the past regarding the logging of pilot-in-command time bythese pilots and that inconsistent policy opinions have been issued by the FAA". In researching the subject FAR
Parts 61 & 91, the Federal Register comments issued during the major revision to Part 61 in August 1997, "Federal Aviation Regulations Explained" published by Jeppesen, and various other aviation monthly publications were reviewed. 

First lets be clear: who is, or can be, pilot-in-command (PIC) and who may log PIC time are two separate issues and are only sometimes related. FAR Part 1 defines the pilot-in-command as follows: "Pilot-in-command means the person who:    1.Has the final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of the flight;  2.Has been designated as pilot-in-command before
or during the flight; and  3.Holds the appropriate category, class, and type rating, if appropriate, for the conduct of the flight."

Part 91.3 expands those comments making it clear that anything that happens during the flight is the sole responsibility of the pilot-in-command.

According to the Federal Register there are only three ways a private or commercial pilot can properly log pilot-in-command time.

   1.When the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated.
   2.When the pilot is sole occupant of the aircraft.
   3.When the pilot is acting as pilot-in-command of an aircraft for which more than one pilot is required  under the regulations under which the flight is conducted.

Far Part 61.51 "Pilot logbooks" covers the logging of pilot time and section (e) addresses logging PIC time. A private or commercial pilot may log PIC time if that person is "the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated" [61.51 (e)(1)(i)]

Thus a non-instrument rated pilot taking instrument flight instruction, if rated in the aircraft, may log PIC based on the "sole manipulator of the controls" rule. Since there is nothing in the rules that addresses meteorological conditions, the pilot may log PIC while in the clouds. This is supported by FAA chief counsel opinions [Federal Regulations Explained-Jeppesen].

A private or commercial pilot may log PIC time when "acting as pilot-in-command of an aircraft on which more than one pilot is required under the - - - - regulations under which the flight is conducted". [61.51 (e)(1)(ii)]

Normally, a safety pilot, required by regulations, who scans for traffic for a pilot flying under simulated instrument conditions is not pilot-in-command and thus logs second-in-command. However, if the two pilots agree that the safety pilot is designated pilot-in-command, the safety pilot/pilot-in-command may log PIC since he is the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the
aircraft. The pilot flying is "sole manipulator of the controls for which the pilot is rated"" and may also log PIC.
Therefore, two private pilots may log PIC under these conditions. However, the safety pilot/pilot-in-command must realize that anything that occurs during the flight is his responsibility. Airspace violations, non-compliance with ATC instructions, near mid air collision, and runway incursions on the ground are all now charged to the safety pilot. A recent article in a monthly aviation publications discussed a flight where there was a violation and the two pilots disagreed who was pilot-in-command.

However, two pilots may not simultaneously log PIC when one pilot is sole manipulator of the controls and the other is acting as pilot-in-command if the regulations governing the flight do not require more than one pilot. "An airline transport pilot may log as PIC time all of the flight time while acting as pilot-in-command of an operation requiring an airline transport certificate." [61.51(e)(2)] Previous regulations allowed a situation where three pilot (one an ATP) could log PIC simultaneously when conducting an operation which did not require an airline transport pilot. This is no longer allowed under the August 1997 revision.

A flight instructor may log PIC "while acting as a authorized instructor". No change to previous regulations.

A student pilot can now log PIC. That’s new, and since there is no restriction, your logbook can be updated so that all student solo time prior to August 4, 1997 may be logged as PIC. When an instructor is aboard, since the student is not rated in the aircraft, flight instruction is still logged as dual not PIC.

Then there are some unusual situations which occur. A private pilot flying with his friend (a CFI or ATP) aboard as a passenger. What is the status of the CFI or ATP who is obviously a more senior pilot with more experience than the private pilot? The regulations don’t address this situation, but the courts may find that the more senior pilot has some or all the responsibility for the operation or safety of the flight.

In summary, the person who is pilot-in-command may log PIC, others may also log PIC depending in the circumstances.

 

 

 

Federal Aviation Regulations  

Part 61 CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS
Subpart A--General
Sec. 61.51

Pilot logbooks.

(a) Training time and aeronautical experience. Each person must document and record the following time in a manner
acceptable to the Administrator:
(1) Training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating, or flight review of this
part.
(2) The aeronautical experience required for meeting the recent flight experience requirements of this part.
(b) Logbook entries. For the purposes of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, each person must
enter the following information for each flight or lesson logged:
(1) General--
(i) Date.
(ii) Total flight time or lesson time.
(iii) Location where the aircraft departed and arrived, or for lessons in a flight simulator or flight training device, the
location where the lesson occurred.
(iv) Type and identification of aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device, as appropriate.
(v) The name of a safety pilot, if required by Sec. 91.109(b) of this chapter.
(2) Type of pilot experience or training--
(i) Solo.
(ii) Pilot in command.
(iii) Second in command.
(iv) Flight and ground training received from an authorized instructor.
(v) Training received in a flight simulator or flight training device from an authorized instructor.
(3) Conditions of flight--
(i) Day or night.
(ii) Actual instrument.
(iii) Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a flight simulator, or a flight training device.
(c) Logging of pilot time. The pilot time described in this section may be used to:
(1) Apply for a certificate or rating issued under this part; or
(2) Satisfy the recent flight experience requirements of this part.
(d) Logging of solo flight time. Except for a student pilot performing the duties of pilot in command of an airship
requiring more than one pilot flight crewmember, a pilot may log as solo flight time only that flight time when the pilot is
the sole occupant of the aircraft.
(e) Logging pilot-in-command flight time. (1) A recreational, private, or commercial pilot may log pilot-in-command time only for that flight time during which that person--
(i) Is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated;
(ii) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft; or
(iii) Except for a recreational pilot, is acting as pilot in command of an aircraft on which more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is conducted.
(2) An airline transport pilot may log as pilot-in-command time all of the flight time while acting as pilot-in-command of
an operation requiring an airline transport pilot certificate.
(3) An authorized instructor may log as pilot-in-command time all flight time while acting as an authorized instructor.
(4) A student pilot may log pilot-in-command time only when the student pilot--
(i) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft or is performing the duties of pilot of command of an airship requiring more than
one pilot flight crewmember;
(ii) Has a current solo flight endorsement as required under Sec. 61.87 of this part; and
(iii) Is undergoing training for a pilot certificate or rating
(f) Logging second-in-command time. A person may log second-in-command flight time only for that flight time during
which that person:
(1) Is qualified in accordance with the second-in-command requirements of Sec. 61.55 of this part, and occupies a
crewmember station in an aircraft that requires more than one pilot by the aircraft's type certificate; or
(2) Holds the appropriate category, class, and instrument rating (if an instrument rating is required for the flight) for the
aircraft being flown, and more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations
under which the flight is being conducted.
(g) Logging instrument flight time. (1) A person may log instrument time only for that flight time when the person
operates the aircraft solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions.
(2) An authorized instructor may log instrument time when conducting instrument flight instruction in actual instrument
flight conditions.
(3) For the purposes of logging instrument time to meet the recent instrument experience requirements of Sec. 61.57(c) of this part, the following information must be recorded in the person's logbook--
(i) The location and type of each instrument approach accomplished; and
(ii) The name of the safety pilot, if required.
(4) A flight simulator or flight training device may be used by a person to log instrument flight time, provided an
authorized instructor is present during the simulated flight.
(h) Logging training time. (1) A person may log training time when that person receives training from an authorized
instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device.
(2) The training time must be logged in a logbook and must:
(i) Be endorsed in a legible manner by the authorized instructor; and
(ii) Include a description of the training given, the length of the training lesson, and the instructor's authorized signature,
certificate number, and certificate expiration date.
(i) Presentation of required documents. (1) Persons must present their pilot certificate, medical certificate, logbook, or
any other record required by this part for inspection upon a reasonable request by--
(i) The Administrator;
(ii) An authorized representative from the National Transportation Safety Board; or
(iii) Any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer.
(2) A student pilot must carry the following items in the aircraft on all solo cross-country flights as evidence of the
required authorized instructor clearances and endorsements--
(i) Pilot logbook;
(ii) Student pilot certificate; and
(iii) Any other record required by this section.
(3) A recreational pilot must carry his or her logbook with the required authorized instructor endorsements on all solo
flights--
(i) That exceed 50 nautical miles from the airport at which training was received;
(ii) Within airspace that requires communication with air traffic control;
(iii) Conducted between sunset and sunrise; or
(iv) In an aircraft for which the pilot does not hold an appropriate category or class rating.

 

 

Part 91 GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES
 Subpart B--Flight Rules

[Sec. 91.109

Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests.

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft (except a manned free balloon) that is being used for flight instruction unless
that aircraft has fully functioning dual controls. However, instrument flight instruction may be given in a single-engine
airplane equipped with a single, functioning
throwover control wheel in place of fixed, dual controls of the elevator and ailerons when--
(1) The instructor has determined that the flight can be conducted safely; and
(2) The person manipulating the controls has at least a private pilot certificate with appropriate category and class
ratings.
(b) No person may operate a civil aircraft in simulated instrument flight unless--
(1) The other control seat is occupied by a safety pilot who possesses at least a private pilot certificate with category and class ratings appropriate to the aircraft being flown.
(2) The safety pilot has adequate vision forward and to each side of the aircraft, or a competent observer in the aircraft adequately supplements the vision of the safety pilot; and
(3) Except in the case of lighter-than-air aircraft, that aircraft is equipped with fully functioning dual controls. However,
simulated instrument flight may be conducted in a single-engine airplane, equipped with a single, functioning, throwover
control wheel, in place of fixed, dual controls of the elevator and ailerons, when--
(i) The safety pilot has determined that the flight can be conducted safely; and
(ii) The person manipulating the controls has at least a private pilot certificate with appropriate category and class ratings.
(c) No person may operate a civil aircraft that is being used for a flight test for an airline transport pilot certificate or a
class or type rating on that certificate, or for a part 121 proficiency flight test, unless the pilot seated at the controls,other than the pilot being checked, is fully qualified to act as pilot in command of the aircraft.

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